2 switching points

2 separate switching points can be set either by potentiometer or by Teach-in. Advantage: two sensors in one, window function.

3

3-port LED

The sensor's LED output indicator is visible from 3 directions (3 x 120б╟ angle).

3-wire switching output

Sensors with three leads. Two for the power supply (+Vcc/gnd) and one for the digital output signal.

3D-CAD models

For most of our products of this section we provide 3D-CAD models for Download. Just browse to the appropriate sensor product or enter the product code (order reference) in full, or enter parts into the search field.

A

Absolute MT encoders

Absolute MT encoders detect the rotation of a drive axis over several revolutions.

More info

Absolute single-turn encoder

Encoder which outputs a unique, coded item of information for each measuring step within a revolution. The information is retained even after a power failure.

Absolute ST encoder

In absolute ST encoders, each angular position is well assigned to a definite position value. This absolute position value is available immediately after system switch-on. Therefore, a reference run is not necessary.

More info

Activating force

Depending on the My-Com type an activating force in the range of 30 cN to 100 cN is required to open the switch. Special versions may require up to 250 cN.

Active area

The active area of a through beam sensor is equivalent to the lens size of the emitter or receiver. The acceptance cone is larger. This is important when considering alignment and operation near shiny surfaces.

Actual sensing range Tb

The actual sensing range Tb is between the adjusted nominal sensing distance Tw and the blind region. The blind region is the area immediately before the lens, in which target recognition cannot be guaranteed. Within the actual sensing range, a standard Kodak white target will always be detected.

Actuator MDBA

Simple and cost-effective.

For simple and cost-effective format change with an already existing external control which works without fieldbus.

Actuator MSAA

Compact and decentralized

The actuator MSAA is equipped with an absolute position encoder. Therefore, time-consuming reference runs are not necessary.

More info

Actuator tip

The actuator tip of a standard My-Com is made of zirconium oxyde ZrO2. Hard metal or ruby is used for a selected number of special types.

Adjustable (Sn)

The sensing distance of the sensor may be adjusted by means of a potentiometer. See also potentiometer.

Adjustment aid

The LED indicates the intensity of the signal which has been reflected by the object, as well as the switching state of the output.

LED on
The object is reliably detected with a signal strength reserve of 50%. The output is switched.

LED off
No target detected, output is not switched.

LED flashing
Unreliable detection of the target. The output is activated / switched.

Air stream

The narrow sonic beam angle may be affected by strong air streams in excess of 10 m/second.

Alarm output

The degree of contamination can be monitored with the alarm output. It is activated immediately following a Light Operate switching, if the signal reserve is below the 150% required excess gain level.

The polarity of the alarm output corresponds to the sensor output, for example PNP if the sensor output is PNP.

The spare (unconnected) light/dark operate output connection is used for the alarm output, and therefore when ordering an alarm output, either a light operate or dark operate output function must be specified. The values for both the average and peak maximum supply currents increase by 5 mA over a standard sensor when an Alarm output is specified.

Alignment aid

The alignment aid helps the user to find the maximum signal strength and checks the signal reserve during set up. The LED starts to flash when the signal strength falls below the safe value. See drawing on the right.

Ambient conditions

Because ambient conditions may substantially effect the operating range, it's important to select the appropriate sensor, reflector and the sensing distance to get a high excess gain.
In retro-reflective sensors, the light passes the front lens as well as the surface of the reflector twice. Thus, just a slightly dirty lens or reflector may effect the operating range.
The visible or electronic soiled lens indicator denotes operating conditions where a minimum amount of light required for correct operation is not received.

Ambient light

By using pulsed infrared light, interference from ambient light is eliminated. The receiving signal passes a band filter, whose frequency is tuned to the emitter pulse frequency. The receiver is synchronized with the emitter. Except for the short emitting pulse, the receiver is switched off (blanking).
A daylight filter is mounted before the lens, in order to further reduce the influence of the ambient light.

Analog output

An output which varies either voltage or current in proportion to a target movement. See also linear output.

Angular deflection

Sound waves, like light waves, are reflected from flat surfaces. It is therefore possible that the reflected sonic beam from an angled surface might be too small for the accurate recognition of a target. The influence of tilting increases when the distance between the sensor and the target increases. This effect can also be used to advantage as shown here to remotely detect a target. The reflector must be large enough and have smooth surfaces and edges.

Approach direction

The object has to approach the light beam laterally or head-on.

AS-Interface

The combination of sensors and actuators using one or two common bus cables considerably reduces the wiring costs. AS-Interface does not require the user to generate additional software to operate the bus system. The simple interface is what sets AS-Interface apart from many other bus systems.

ATEX

Since July 1s, 2003 electrical equipment for hazardous areas may only be sold and installed provided it has been designed according to the ATEX guidelines as laid out in the specification paper 95/9/EG.

B

Background suppression

The ability of a special set of photo electric sensors to distinguish targets against various backgrounds and of various colors.

Banking screw

Banking screws - made of hardened steel - provide limited mechanical protection to the inductive sensors buried therein when hit by an object. Advantage: very robust, quick and easy change of sensors.

Baud rate

Transmission frequency of serial interface in bits per second.

BCD (binary coded decimal) code

To avoid converting a decimal number into a binary number, instead of using natural binary code, often only the individual digits of the decimal number are encoded in binary.

Binary code

This code type is constructed similarly to the decimal system, but has only the digit values "0" and "1".

Blanking

The emitter sends a short pulsed signal with a relatively long pause between two pulses. The light energy of the LED can therefore be enormously increased. If emitter and receiver are mounted in the same housing, the receiver is clocked to the emitted pulse. Interference is therefore suppressed 98% of the time.

Blind range St

Reliable object recognition is not possible within the blind range (St). Objects within this blind range may cause false switching of the sensor.

Bridge amplifiers

Signals from full or two quarter bridges are converted to current or voltage signals.

C

Capacitance Cs, cause of change

- Proximity to conductive objects

If an object of conductive material is located within the sensing distance of the sensor, it will form two series connected capacitances with sensor areas S and M. The series connected capacitances are much larger than the capacitance of the undamped oscillator. Maximum sensing distance can be achieved with conductive objects like metals, water etc.

- of non-conductive objects

If a non-conductive object is moved into the sensor field, the field will be amplified in relation to the relative permittivity (er) of the material to be detected and thus increase capacitance Cs. As from a relative permittivity of er = 81 (water), sensing distances can be achieved that are equivalent to those for conductive materials. The sensing distance is reduced for materials with a lower er.

Capacitive sensors

Sensing technique which uses the capacitance of a target (can be clear glass or liquids) to switch an output.

Cavity pressure

Cavity pressure up to 2000bar in injection molding machines can be measured. A high quality of the end product is guaranteed.

CENELEC

This is a European standards committee, similar to UL or NEMA. It covers standardized dimensions and operating characteristics.

Charge amplifiers

Under load piezo electric sensors give out electrical charge. Charge amplifiers convert this load into a proportional current or voltage signal.

Clock frequency (SSI)

For absolute encoders with synchronous serial interface (SSI), the clock frequency is the frequency of the clock signal during data transmission. The clock frequency is specified by the sequence electronics, and must be within the corresponding limits.

Clock+, clock-

Control lines of the SSI interface for synchronous data transmission. Clock+ and clock- together form a current loop, for potential-free reception of the clock frequency in SSI encoders.

Close range shielding

The capacitive sensor responds to all materials whose relative permittivity εr is greater than 1 (air, vacuum). This means that dirt deposits and moisture on the sensor surface are also detected. In order to avoid this unwanted effect, Baumer sensors have been equipped with an additional compensating electrode (K).
This electrode is used to generate an electric field close to the sensor surface which counteracts the main field. A field free area is produced in proximity to the electrode in which objects may be located without being detected by the sensor. Although this design is a very effective solution to the problem of unwanted switching it is not completely foolproof.

Code reader

A code reader contains up to 6 identical inductive sensors. Advantage: common supply rail, quick installation, reduced distance between individual sensors, very compact

Code switching speed

Number of measuring steps per second for absolute multi-turn encoders. For encoders with 13 bit resolution and 400 kHz code switching frequency, the maximum rotational speed is 3'000 rpm.

Color sensors

With the color sensor, you can use color as the criteria for sorting, quality monitoring and automation processes.

Complementary output

The output state can be either NO (normally open) or NC (normally close) at the users discretion by altering wiring connections. Both functions are simultaneously available.

Connection cables

For shaft encoders, equipped with a connector base, the appropriate connector can be ordered as an accessory. For encoders with cable connection, the standard length of cable provided is 2 m respectively 1 m. The sheathing material for the incremental encoder is PUR. The wire size is 0,14 mm2. The cable screen is connected to the housing respectively to the flange. The operating temperature range is -20 б╟C to +85 б╟C.

Permissible bending radius at 20 б╟C: cable with a PUR sheath 12x cable ц╦

Copy counter (SCATEC)

Laser copy counters are primarily developed for non-contact counting of printed matter in a lap stream. Basically a SCATEC responds to an edge passing through the laser beam with an output pulse.

Correction factor

If the target material differs from the standard target (as defined above), then the applicable published sensing distance must be multiplied by the appropriate correction factor (Cf).
Note: The published figures should be taken as a guideline only. Targets which differ in size and shape from the standard geometry may also give a different sensing distance when compared to the figures stated in the data sheets.
When sensing aluminum foil or non-metallic materials coated with a thin layer of aluminum or copper, the sensing distance achieved may be close to the value of mild steel. Actual Sn depends on the thickness of the layer as well as the alloy composition.

Correction factors

Target material and surface properties may affect the sensing distance. The following correction factors should be applied when determining the sensing distance of the diffuse sensor.

Couplings

The most suitable flexible coupling can be chosen from the data of a servo drive system. Resolution, acceleration and the desired positional precision must be considered. The lag angle can be judged from the torque stiffness. This torque might be considerable, if high dynamic drive systems are used. The inertia moment is specified on the product data pages.

D

Dark operate (Normally Closed)

A photo electric sensor which is "dark operate" has a conducting output when the receiver is not receiving the transmitted light beam.

Data valid

Diagnostic output for checking validity of output data.

Diffuse sensing

Photo electric sensing in which the light is reflected by the object being detected - also known as proximity sensing.

Diffuse sensors with background suppression

These sensors with a triangulation-based background suppression rely on the angle of light reflected from the target, rather than intensity. Within the adjustable distance, objects are recognized independently of color and surface properties.

More

Diffuse sensors with foreground suppression

Similar to sensors with background suppression. Objects are recognized independently of color and surface in front of a defined background.

More

Diffuse sensors with intensity difference

Diffuse sensors with intensity difference

The emitter and receiver are in the same housing. The emitted red or infrared light is reflected directly by the object.

More

Digital output

If an object is detected within the adjusted area, the output changes its state. The built-in LED indicates this change.

Direction of rotation (F/R*)

Forward/reverse counting direction input. The input is HIGH when disconnected. F/R* HIGH means increasing output data when the shaft is rotating to the right (cw). F/R* LOW means increasing output data when the shaft is rotating to the left (ccw), looking at the shaft in each case.

Display

Most of our sensors have an LED indicator. It shows the status of the sensor.

Displayboxes

The display box in connection with strain clamps or extensometers is the perfect display unit for machine inspections and other control measurements.

Distance sensors

The compact laser distance sensors provide a precise output signal which is proportional to the measured distance. The optical principle is based on triangulation.

DuroProx

DuroProx full metal sensors are entirely emcapsulated in V4A stainless steel. Advantage: pressure proof up to 20 bar, sealed to IP 69K, chemically resistant, temperature range -25...+100б╟C.

Dynamic Teach-in procedure

Dynamic Teach-in is particularly suited where moving targets or difficult to position parts are involved. In this mode, the sensor constantly evaluates the receiving signal. Pressing the button concludes the process, and the sensor defines the operating point according to the saved measured values. Light/dark operation can be switched by activating the button once again shortly afterwards. Of course both Teach-in procedures can be executed in the same manner using an external Teach-in line.

E

Electro magnetic interference

The receiver amplifies the frequency of the emitted pulses while all other frequencies are attenuated. The emitter and receiver are gated so that while the emitter is in the off state, the receiver is also inactive. A metal foil is wrapped around the sensorБ─≥s internal electronics for shielding. A high degree of EMI rejections is achieved by these measures.

Emitter

The part of a photo electric or ultrasonic sensor which sends out a signal.

Enable

Control input via which the data outputs of absolute encoders can be switched active.

Error correction

Fast changes in the ambient light (switching of fluorescent light, welding etc.) might interfere with the light signal. To suppress this disturbance, an error correction circuit is built in. The receiver needs at least two consecutive pulses in order to activate; one pulse will not activate the sensor output.

Dropping a single pulse, due to interference, will not create a false output signal.

Excess gain

Every photo electric sensor has its own excess gain curve, which represents a factor of the minimum amount of light required to operate, plotted against distance. These are shown as part of the technical data sheet for each sensor.
The curves have been produced under the following conditions:

• perfectly clean environment
• clean optics and reflector
• ambient temperature +25 б╟C
• sensor and reflector perfectly aligned

Excess gain

Every photoelectric sensor has its own excess gain curve, which represents a factor of the minimum amount of light required to operate, plotted against distance.

• Measurement conditions
• Clean environment and optics
• Ambient temperature +25 б╟C
• Sensors correctly aligned with each other
  

Excess gain curve

Every photoelectric sensor has its own excess gain curve which, represents a factor of the minimum amount of light required to operate, plotted against distance.
Excess gain curves and examples showing the operational range for different applications are shown on each product data sheet. The distance for non white targets may be calculated using specific correction factors.

Exposed mounting

see unshielded

Extended sensing distance

Baumer Electric manufactures a range of inductive sensors with up to double the standard sensing distance capability for a given coil diameter.

Extensometers

Reliable strain measurement on magnetic surfaces like for example tie bars or plane structures.

External teach wire

Sensors with external teach wire have the added advantage that certain parameters can be remotely changed and set.

External teach wire

Sensors with external teach wire have the added advantage that certain parameters can be remotely changed and set.

F

Fiber optics

Cables manufactured from bundles of glass fiber strands or single plastic fibres (light transmitting) used to remotely transmit and receive light signals.

Fiber optics and fiber optic sensors

Fiber optics are suitable for detecting objects in a confined sensing environment, in chemical, high temperature or electromagnetic areas. Various sensing heads and fiber optic sensors are available.

Fixed sensing distance

Capacitive sensors with a fixed sensing distance do not have a potentiometer for sensitivity adjustment.

Flush mounting

see shielded

Force and strain sensors

The product range contains powerful sensors and analysis equipment for the force and strain measurement.

Foreground suppression

The ability of a special set of photo electric sensors to detect targets irrespective of color and surface properties provided the background is defined. Sensors with foreground capabilities exhibit no blind range.

Fork and angle sensors

Emitter and receiver are integrated in a fork or angle housing facing each other. These one-piece units require none of the difficult alignment and wiring tasks of their two-piece counterparts.

Full metal sensors

Full metal sensors (DuroProx) are entirely emcapsulated in V4A stainless steel. Advantage: pressure proof up to 20 bar, sealed to IP 69K, chemically resistant, temperature range -25...+100 б╟C.

G

GammaProx

The GammaProx range of sensors features considerably higher sensing distances than standard inductive sensors.

Glass cover

Glass covers may protect a sensor against mechanical or chemical damage, such as welding sparks or strong solvents.
With the 08, 15, 16 and 26 series, glass lenses are an option.
The tubular 18 and 30 series can be after-market equipped with lenses that screw on to the sensor.

Gray code

Gray code fulfils the conditions for a single-step code. This code is used in most absolute encoders. Symmetrically capped Gray code is a particular section of a full Gray code. In this way, any evenly divided step division is always obtained.

H

Hall sensor

Hall sensors employ a magnetically biased semiconductor Hall element to sense moving ferromagnetic objects.

High pressure sensors

The active face of high pressure inductive sensors has been designed to withstand pressures up to 500 bar as encountered in hydraulic cylinders. Advantages: active face made of circonium oxyde (ZrO2), sealed to IP 68, chemically resistant.

High temperature sensor

High temperature sensors usually consist of two parts: a high temperature probe and an inline electronic amplifier. Both are linked with a Teflon cable. Advantages: reliable detection up to 200б╟C.

High temperature sensors

High temperature sensors usually consist of two parts: a high temperature probe and an inline electronic amplifier. Both are linked with a Teflon cable. Advantages: reliable detection up to 180б╟C.

Humidity

A relative humidity up to 90 % has nominal effect on the sensing distance of the sonic sensors. Direct moisture or dirt however may lead to a reduction of the scanning range Sd.

Hysteresis

At approach and removal of the target, there is a difference between operating and release point, which is defined as Hysteresis.
Hysteresis is designed into a sensor's characteristics to guard against possible incorrect pick-up due to vibration.

Hysteresis

Hysteresis is the difference between the sensing point of the approach and the removal of a target.

Hysteresis

After recognizing the object the effecб╛tive scanning range (Sd) is enlarged in the axial direction by the hysteresis value.

I

IEC standards

A set of internationally agreed standards published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).

Increased sensing distance

The GammaProx range of sensors features considerably higher sensing distances than standard inductive sensors.

Incremental encoder

Rotary encoder which outputs an electrical signal (HIGH/LOW) for every measuring step. Two signals phase-shifted by 90б╟ and the zero signal are outputs. For zero point determination, it must first be referenced.

More info

Inductive analog sensors

Inductive analog sensors provide an absolute, analog output signal (0...10 V / 4...20 mA).

Inductive high precision analog sensor

Inductive distance measuring sensor featuring high resolution and repeatability.

Inductive sensing

Sensing technique in which a metal target absorbs energy from an electromagnetic field generated by the sensor, causing the output state to switch.

Inductive sensors

Inductive sensors will recognize any conducting metal target.

Inductive sensors, special versions

Sensors with special features. These can be of mechanical, electrical or even other nature.

Interpolation

Using electronics and the laws of trigonometry, the basic period is subdivided into smaller units. 10 times the basic resolution is possible.

Intrinsic safety

System that requires very little energy to operate. Should there be a wire breakage or fault, it must not be capable of igniting a flammable mixture.

L

LCP

Liquid Cristal Polymer

Leakage current

The current which flows through an output in the "Off" state. Normally only considered for "2-wire" devices.

LED

Light Emitting Diode

Light / dark operate

Light operate or dark operate defines whether the output switch state is "On" or "Off" as a function of the received light.
Light operate means that the output switches if the light beam between emitter and receiver is not interrupted. This is the standard mode for diffuse sensors, where the output switches when the target reflects the light.
Dark operate means that the output switches if the light beam between emitter and receiver is interrupted. This is the standard with retro-reflective and through beam sensors.

Light barrier

A photo electric through beam array with intelligent circuitry. Typically used for determining form and for detecting objects within an area (see SpiderScan, former INFRASCAN).

Line sensors (PosCon)

Detection of edges, width or center position of objects without additional illumination. The highly accurate output values are available as an analog output or from the optional RS 485 interface.

Linear output

An output which provides a straight-line relation between output signal (voltage or current) and target movement.

Linearity

Linearity is the deviation from a proportional linear function (straight line). It is given as a percentage of the upper limit of the measuring range (full scale).
For applications demanding even higher accuracy, the linearity of the sensors can be improved by applying a polynomial function (mathematical description of the sensorБ─≥s output curve). The type-specific or sensor-specific parameters for the polynomial function are available on request.
In addition, Baumer electric offers analog inductive sensors with an integrated micro-processor for signal conditioning. The use of digital signal conditioning allows a substantial linearization of the sensorБ─≥s output curve.

Linearity

Deviations in linearity are mainly geб╛nerated within the sensor and by changes in ambient temperature. Resolution, temperature drift and repeatability define the linearity error.

Liquid level sensors

Liquid levels can be measured simply and accurately using infrared light, without the need for any electrical or thermal connection between the target medium and sensor.

Load cells

Direct measurement of static and high dynamic forces in force progression.

M

Magnetic fields

Strong magnetic fields might push the ferrite cores of the proximity switch into saturation. A proper switching is no longer guaranteed. Protective shielding is recommended.

Magnetic sensor

Magnetic sensors are magnetically controlled by a small rotor closely positioned in front of the active sensing face.

Magnetic sensor for linear applications

The MLFK type of magnetic encoders has been designed to provide linear position information with < 20 micrometers resolution. Short and medium distance applications are preferred. Advantages: non contact length measuring, no moving parts, housing sealed to IP 67

Magnetic sensor for rotary applications

The MDFK type of magnetic encoder consists of a magnet rotor and a magneto resistive sensor. May be used just like a standard incremental encoder. Advantages: easy installation, low cost alternative to standard encoders, up/down recognition possible

Magnetic sensors

Magnetic sensors optimized for rotary and linear applications.

Max. Switching current

The maximum permissible load curб╛rent passed through the sensor.

Maximum cable length

A large cable length means a capacitive load for the output circuit and increases the influence of interference. Length should therefore be kept as short as possible.

Maximum error limit

The maximum error limit is the maximum difference between measured and reference position over one 360-degree-rotation over the full operating temperature (range).

Maximum installation torque

To avoid damage to the proximity switches during mounting, the default torque value should not be exceeded.

Stainless steel thread:

M4 = 1,8 Nm
M5 = 2 Nm
M8 = 10 Nm
M12 = 20 Nm
M18 = 55 Nm

Brass nickel plated thread:

M8 = 7 Nm
M12 = 15 Nm
M18 = 40 Nm
M30 = 200 Nm

Polybutylenterephthalate thread:

M12 = 1,5 Nm
M18 = 3 Nm
M30 = 15 Nm

(reduce torque values by 30% at the sensorБ─≥s face)
The above data is valid for installations using the mounting nuts supplied with the sensor.

Maximum load current

Maximum current which the output of a sensor can continuously supply.

Measuring step

In the case of incremental encoders, the time between the positive edges of CHA and CHB is evaluated as measuring step. In this way, it is possible to achieve measuring step resolutions four times greater than the pulse rate used. This signal multiplication must be implemented by means of external sequence electronics.

Minimum load resistance

The voltage drop across the load resistance is proportional to the current, using a sensor with current output. To ensure a proper functioning of the output stage do not exceed the maximum permissible load resistance as stated in the data sheet.

Minimum spacings

To avoid mutual interference between sensors, a minimum spacing should be observed. See picture above.

Mounting instructions

All technical drawings have the mounting nuts shown as "SW xx". This denotes the across flats dimension i. e. SW 17 is 17 mm across flats.
All technical drawings in this catalog have been produced using the European Projection (E).
The standard American Projection (A) is shown on right.
When securing unthreaded sensor with a set screw avoid excessive force on the housing (IFRM 03, 04, 06). Failure to do so may cause irreversible damage. The 6,5 mm diameter sensors
should be mounted using accessory bracket 109474 for optimum performance and ease of installation. Mounting accessories for the 3 and 4 mm sensors see accessories pages.

Multi-turn encoder

Encoder which, as well as the single-turn signal, can uniquely sense and output revolutions. Here too, the information is retained even after a power failure, and continues to be sensed even during it.

Multiplex operation

In this mode two sensors may be mounted without any spacing, since they operate alternately. The response and release time of the specific sensors is therefore doubled. The connecting Б─°controlБ─² wire must be connected to ground, if the sensor is not multiplexed.

Multiplex operation

In this mode two sensors may be mounted without any spacing, since they operate alternately.

My-Com

Patented mechanical limit switch providing a switching accuracy to 1 micron.

N

NAMUR

Metal brought into the active field of a NAMUR type proximity sensor causes its current consumption to change. This change in current consumption or the change of the sensorБ─≥s internal resistance is used as output signal. In conjunction with properly homologated remote amplifiers NAMUR sensors may be operated in hazardous areas (for more information consult also ATEX).

Nominal sensing distance Sn

Nominal sensing distance is defined as a classification, that does not take into account either manufacturing tolerances or variations due to external conditions.

Nominal sensing distance Tw

The nominal sensing distance, Tw, is the maximum sensing distance of the sensor, measured at +25б╟ centigrade, using a white card (Kodak card number 1,527,795, size 200 x 200 mm). At distances below 400 mm, the object size is 100 x 100 mm. The excess gain (factor 1,5) under ideal ambient conditions is included in this value. Sensors with the alignment aid show this point with a constant (not flashing) LED.

Non contact potentiometer

MDRM & MDFM magnet sensors can be used as non-contact potentiometers. They are magnetically controlled by a rotor positioned in front of the active face. Advantage: for applications in harsh environments, no moving parts, sine / cosine output signals, linear 1...9 VDC/4...20 mA absolute values

Normally Closed (NC)

During the conditions which are defined as "normal", the output state of the sensor is conducting. For inductive, capacitive and My-Com, normal is defined as no target present. For photo electric, normal is a "dark" receiver.

Normally Open (NO)

The opposite sense from Normally Closed.

NPN - output

An NPN output acts as an electronic switch from the output to 0 Volt. The load is switched to +VS. If the output is switched (if "light" is received in a light operate mode or "no light" in a dark operate mode) a current flows from +VS through the load and via the output transistor and the reverse polarity protection diode to 0 Volt. The voltage between the output and 0 Volt is called the voltage drop. The voltage protection prevents damage to the output if spikes occur.

NPN current sinking

An output which supplies a path to ground. The load is between the output and +Vs.

O

Object distance So

The object distance is defined as the distance between the front end of the sensor and the object itself.

Oil resistant

The standard PVC cables are not made to operate continuously within an oily environment. PUR and teflon covered cables are available.

Output

The electric signal which a customer uses for control. This can be switched or linear (digital or analog).

Output protection

All Baumer Electric sensors are protected against back EMF.

Output resistance

3-wire proximity switches have a built- in load resistance. In case of high frequency switching an external load resistance can be connected in parallel in order to reduce the time constant.

Overrun

Depending on the My-Com type the overrun is between 0,6 and 1,5 mm

Overvoltage protection

All our optic sensors are equipped with an overvoltage protection. Spikes on the operating voltage as well as spikes generated by inductive loads are suppressed.

P

Parallel / Serial wiring

Parallel wiring (wired OR)
Sensors with identical outputs, PNP or NPN, may be wired in parallel as long as they are all using the same power supply. The maximum number of sensors depends on the load current and the internal pull up / pull down resistors; typically 3 mA per sensor. The sum of the load currents must be lower than the maximum sensor switching current of the power supply.

Serial wiring
Relay output sensors may be connected in serial. In the case of sensors with electronic outputs, it is not permissible to connect the feed of one sensor via the output of a preceding sensor, and thus implement an AND operation. Since a sensor represents a large load capacity, the short-circuit protection is activated.

PBT

Polybutylenterephtalat

PCB mounting

Circuit board mountable sensors can be soldered directly onto a PCB. The required through-bore distance is 5 mm. Advantage: quick mounting, compact design, small space requirement

Photo electric

Sensing technique using pulsed light in either diffuse, through beam or retro-reflective modes to detect objects.

Piezo electric strain sensors

These sensors are specially designed for high dynamic measurements. High sensitive measuring elements detect the slightest strains with high resolution.

Piezoelectric force sensors

Sensors for dynamic applications with small space conditions. Suitable for force ranges up to 30kN.

PNP Б─⌠ output

A PNP output acts as an electronic switch from +VS to the output. The load is switched to 0 Volt. If the output is switched (if "light" is received in a light operate mode or "no light" in a dark operate mode) a current flows from +VS via the reverse polarity protection diode and the output transistor, through the load to 0 Volt. The voltage between +VS and the output is called the voltage drop. The voltage protection prevents damage to the output if spikes occur.

PNP current sourcing

An output which supplies a path to positive voltage. The load is between the output and gnd.

Polarization

The ability of a lens to pass light in only one defined angular plane. Sensors fitted with polarization filters are able to detect highly reflective targets without false signals (see series FPDM and FPDK).

Positioning drive MSIA

Dynamically and precisely

For optimum performance, lifetime and control properties, the positioning drive MSIA has an integrated brushless DC motor.

More info

Pot 270б╟

The potentiometer built into this sensor has a mechanical adjustment range of 270б╟. See also potentiometer.

Potentiometer

A customer variable adjustment used to fine tune amplification or sensing distance.

Pressure sensors

More info:

Go to Baumer sensopress website

Profibus-DP

Master-slave bus system with two-wire line. Linear bus with EIA RS 485 hardware interface. Standard Profibus-DP protocol specified for encoders.

Protection class

Protection class is defined according to DIN VDE 0470 (EN 60529, IEC 529) standards. The protection class specified is valid for the installed encoder. There is a separate protection class for the housing and for the shaft. The protection class of the housing depends on the connector base and the type of connector used.

Protection class

IP 65

Protection against dust and clean water spray from any direction. Most connection compartments and push-on connectors are rated IP 65.

IP 67

Similar to IP 65 but with added protection against ingress of water when the object is immersed in clean water under defined pressure and time conditions. Most sensors with cable or screw-on connectors are rated IP 67

Protection class

IP 65: protects against dust and accidental contact. It also protects against a water jet coming from any direction.
IP 67: protects against dust and accidental contact. It also protects against water, if the housing is dipped in fresh water under defined time and pressure conditions.

Pulse rate

A number of light and dark segments are put onto a glass pulse disk. In the encoder, these segments are scanned by the light beam and thus determine the possible resolution.

Pulse tolerances

The tolerance of the pulse/period ratio is б╠10%. Values outside this range are specially marked on the product data pages. This tight tolerance is also valid beб╛tween the two channels CHA and CHб╛B, which are 90 degrees out of phase. Therefore the sense of roб╛tation can be clearly defined and a quadrature of the signal can be attained.

Q

Quasi embeddable sensors

Quasi embeddable sensors require an area free of conductive material behind the sensing face/head. The indicated sensing distance is then available without any restrictions.

R

Receiver

The part of a sensor (photo electric or ultrasonic) which accepts the emitter signal and provides an output.

Reflector

The "Triple Reflector" has a honeycomb pattern. Due to the design of its reflecting surfaces, the received light is reflected to the emitter at the same angle as the angle of incidence.
This reflector can be tilted up to 15 б╟ off the angle of incidence, without any distortion of the reflective signal strength.
If the target and distance are large, then a large reflector should be specified.
A smaller reflector should not be used when sensing a smaller target. Sensing distance decreases as a function of reflector size and it is important that the reflector should not be bigger than the target.

Release time

Time period required for an output to change state after the object being sensed is removed.

Repeat accurancy

Repeat accuracy means the difference between the measured values of suc-cessive measurements within a period of 8 hours at an ambient temperature of 23 б╟C б╠ 5 б╟C.

Repeatability

Repeatability is defined as the difference between two subsequent measurements under identical circumstances and with a standard object.

Repeatability

The repeatability of the actual switching point of two successive switchings within 8 hours, at an ambient temperature between +15 б╟C and +30 б╟C, and a voltage of б╠5% deviation from nominal, is б╠5%.

Repeatability

The repeatability (according to DIN 32878) is defined as the maximum variance of measurement data of at least five deviation diagrams, taken sequentially with an identical rotational direction and at a fixed temperature.

Resolution

Defines the smallest position change of the object which causes a change in voltage or current at the sensor output.

Resolution

The resolution corresponds to the smallest possible distance change which causes a detectable change to the output signal.

Resolution

For single-turn encoders, the resolution indicates the number of measuring steps per revolution. For multi-turn encoders, it indicates the number of measuring steps per revolution and the number of revolutions.

Response / release time

The response time is the time taken from completing the light beam between emitter and receiver, until the output switch changes state. The release time is the time taken between interrupting the light beam and changing the output switch state.

The response/release time may vary because the emitter is pulsed and the movement of the object is not synchronized with it.

Completing the light beam immediately after the end of the previous emitter pulse results in a longer ton, compared with completing the light beam immediately before the next emitter pulse. Similarly the release time Toff may also vary. Because the user cannot synchronize the object movements with the emitter pulse, a certain random variation of the response/release time is inevitable. The maximum is specified in the technical data for each sensor. The diagram shows a simplified timing sequence. In reality there are at least two subsequent pulses needed to switch the output, due to the error correction circuit design.

Response time

The time which the signal output of a sensor requires to rise from 10% to 90% of the maximum signal level is called the response time.

Retro-reflective sensors

With the emitter and receiver in the same housing this sensor transmit light which is reflected back from a reflector. The sensor switches when the light beam is interrupted.

Go to Retro-reflective sensors [P-Finder]

Retro-reflective sensors

Retro-reflective sensors always require a reflector for proper operation. Any sound reflecting, stationary object can be used as reflector. Retro reflective sensors allow the detection of sound absorbent and sound deflecting objects.

Reverse polarity protection

These sensors are protected against temporary reversed polarity voltage connection.

Ripple

The voltage supplied to the sensor should always be within the specified range for proper operation. Within this range a 10% ripple (VR) is allowed. The graphic shows the operating voltage in four critical areas:
I. Proper operation in the upper limit range: The upper peak value should never exceed VS max.
II. Proper operation in the lower limits: The lower peak value should never fall below VS min. In both cases the ripple is below 10% of the mean value.
III. The out of range area above the upper limits: The upper peak value exceeds VS max. regularly. The built-in overvoltage protection will be activated. This can lead to an overload of the sensor or the voltage supply.
IV. The lower peak value is regularly below the lower limits of VS max. Proper function of the sensor is not guaranteed. A typical case is insufficient voltage smoothing

Ripple

The voltage supplied to the sensor should always be within the specified range for proper operation. Within this range a 10% ripple (VR) is allowed.

Rpm

The maximum mechanical rpm is dependent on the bearing; an rpm of 12'000 should not be exceeded. The max. electrical rpm is defined by the max. frequency of the internal electronics and the user interface.

S

Safety concept

The described products conform to EU rules and carry the CE mark. The safety concept defines the technical, training and legal actions which guarantee the user great safety in handling our sensors.

Safety sensor

The safety sensor is comprised of an inductive safety switch with a special mating component and safety amplifier. The sensor detects no other object or material but the matched target. Advantage: operator protection, SUVA registered

Scaling

Customer setting of the encoder resolution. The sensor calculates the desired customer resolution from the basic resolution and the scaling factor.

Scanning range close limit Sdc

The close limit (Sdc) can be programmed by a Teach-in button.

Scanning range close limit Sdc

The scanning range close limit Sdc can be electronically set using the sensor's Teach-in features.

Scanning range far limit Sde

The scanning range far limit Sde can be continuously adjusted either by the built-in pot or by teaching in.

Scanning range far limit Sde

By means of a built-in potentiometer or a Teach-in button the user can change the far limit (Sde) of the scanning range (Sd).

Scanning range Sd

Objects within the scanning range (Sd) are correctly detected up to the set far limit (Sde) of the scanning range.

Self regulating system

For applications where the light beam is normally broken (e.g. web break detection), an alternating output state can be obtained by connecting the test input with the light operate output.

By implementing this, the complete function of the sensor, emitter, receiver and output can be completely monitored. A system failure or an open light path has the same effect on the output state. The proper functioning of a system with a closed light beam, generates an alternating output signal with a defined pulse-pause length as shown in the diagram. Sufficient received signal strength is required to obtain a proper functioning system. Without excess gain near the threshold level, signal fluctuations or noise might lead to random output states.

Sensing distance

The IEC defines the sensing distance (s) in the international Standards IEC 60947-5-2 as follows:
Sensing distance is defined as the distance at which the output signal is triggered when a standard target is moving towards the active sensor face.
Nominal sensing distance sn
Nominal sensing distance is defined as a classification, that does not take into account either manufacturing tolerances or variations due to external conditions.
Real sensing distance sr
At nominal voltage (Vn) and nominal ambient temperature of 20 б╟C (68 б╟F) the real sensing distance has to be in the range of 90% to 110% of the sn. (0,9 x sn б╜ sr б╜ 1,1 x sn)
Usable sensing distance su
Usable sensing distance is defined to be within the allowable range for the operating voltage and for the ambient temperature in the range of 90% to 110% of the sr. (0,9 x sr б╜ su б╜ 1,1 x sr)
Operational Sensing Distance sa
The safe operational sensing distance lies between 0% and 81% of the sn. (0 б╜ sa б╜ 0,9 x 0,9 x sn)
Standard target
The standard target is defined as a square plate, 1 mm thick, made of Fe 360 (mild steel). The length of its side is defined as the larger of either the sensing face diameter or three times sn (nominal sensing distance).

Sensing distance diagram

The sensing distance of a diffuse sensor with background or foreground suppression will be different with different target materials. The sensing distance chart shows the reflectivity of targets with various colors, compared with the standard "Kodak white" target.
The X-axis shows the distance and the Y-axis shows the sensing distance reducб╛tion as a function of color. The distance at which a black or gray target would be sensed in front of a white background respectively at the foreground suppression the distance between a black or grey object behind the sensing distance to sense the target may also be calculated from the diagram.

Sensing distance Sn adjustable

The sensing distance of the capacitive sensor may be adjusted by means of a inbuilt potentiometer.

Sensing range Tw with background suppression

The sensing range is shown in the documentation is the measurement at which the grey-white displacement is < 15 %. The values are measured at +25 б╟C on white, grey and black Kodak paper. The object size for sensing ranges under 400 mm is 100 x 100 mm. For ranges over 400 mm, it is 200 x 200 mm.

Sensitivity adjustment (capacitive)

The sensing distance (Sn) of the capacitive sensor may be adjusted by means of a inbuilt potentiometer.

Sensitivity adjustment (photoelectric sensors)

Many applications for diffuse or reflective sensors require a reduction of the sensitivity.

There may be a background behind the target, which could reflect light and falsely switch the sensor if the sensitivity were not reduced.
To distinguish between dark and light objects with a diffuse sensor, the sensitivity must also be adjustable.

In through beam sensor applications, a transparent target might not block enough light to reduce the excess gain below the switching threshold.

For this reason most photo electric sensors feature a potentiometer or a teach-in button for sensitivity adjustment.

Sensitivity to noise

Sensitivity to noise
The extremely high sonic frequency used for ultrasonic sensors ensures that most extraneous noise will not affect operational accuracy. Pressurized air might interfere with the proper operation of the sensor under extreme conditions.

Set zero point

Control input to set a zero point at any point of the resolution range of an absolute encoder, without mechanical adjustment. In the case of programmable absolute encoders, an offset value can also be set using "set zero point".

Shaft loading

During operation encoders are exposed to various influences. Even if load and number of revolutions are known, other influences like temperature, humidity, vibration and greasing must be considered. The expected lifetime can only be predicted. Due to many influences and depending on the operational environment, the lifetime may fluctuate from less than 106 revolutions under heavy load conditions to over 109 revolutions under optimal conditions.

Shielded

Inductive sensor installation in which the coil is insensitive to surrounding metal. The sensor may be flush mounted in metal. Note, when mounting sensors in an array, there must be a minimum of one housing diameter (D) between each sensor.

Shock and vibration

All encoders are tested according to the following standards.
shock test IEC 60068-2-27
vibration test IEC 60068-2-6

Short circuit and reverse polarity protection

All photo electric sensors have reverse polarity protection. All sensors have short circuit protection. In case of a short circuit or overload, the output switches off immediately. After a short duration (30 ms) the output is tested again for overload. If there is still a short circuit condition, the output is switched off within microseconds to protect it against damage. If the overload disappears the output is switched on again after the test.

Short circuit protection

Depending on the application, any sensor in our product range may be available with protection against short circuiting.

Signal strength for red light emitters

The emitted pulse length is decreased as soon as the required signal strength for retro-reflective and diffuse sensors exceeds 150 % of the necessary value.
The advantages are:
The durability and longevity of the LED are increased. In the case of a visible red LED, the reflection of the beam on the target surface shows the signal strength. The user can see the switch state by looking at the face of the sensor, without having to see the output state LED. This is especially useful when there is limited access to the sensor.

Signal strength indicator

The LED is continuously on provided the light beam between emitter and receiver is unbroken and the signal strength is 150% or more of the required value.

If the signal strength is between 100% and 150% the LED starts flashing. The LED serves as an alignment aid and soiled lens indicator.

Silicone

My-Coms featuring an IP 67 protection class are usually sealed with a bellow type silicone gasket.

Soiled lens indicator

Even if the sensor is adjusted perfectly, contaminat build up on the lens or on the target, can decrease the signal strength below a 150% level of excess gain. The sensor continues to provide the correct output signal but the flashing LED indicates that the system needs attention.

Sonic beam angle

The sonic beam angle defines the boundaries of the emitted conical beam of ultrasonic sensors.

SSI

The SSI (Synchronous Serial Interface) transfer the position value serially, i.e. bit by bit from the encoder to the controller. The range for the pulse rate is a maximum of 1,5 MHz. The maximum line length is dependent on the SSI pulse frequency.

Static Teach-in procedure

Static teaching allows both the operating point as well as light/dark operation (based on the teaching sequence) to be determined by teaching two measuring positions. It is not these learned measuring positions that are stored as operating points, but instead, an optimum operating point lying between these positions!The entire process requires only a short button activation at each position. The green LED indicates that the Teach-in process is successfully completed and the positions are stored.

Status display

Most of our proximity switches have an LED-display. It indicates the output switching status.

Store

Control input by which the data outputs of absolute encoders are stored for safe reading. It is recommended that the store input should be used above all for multi-step data codes.

Strain Clamps

With strain clamps control measurements and maintenance work on tie bars can be done in a very short time.

Strain Links

Static or dynamic structure strain from 100б╣ε up to 750б╣ε will be detected exactly.

Strain Probes

These sensors measure strain in boreholes with a resolution of 1 б╣ε. Suitable for applications with limited space conditions.

Strain Rings

Strains in tie bars with a resolution of 1б╣ε can be measured. These sensors are used for permanent installation on tie bars.

Supply current

This is the maximum current consumed by the sensor, at nominal voltage, exclusive of output.

Supply current

The maximum current will never be overshot during operation time. As nearly all sensors work with pulsed light for a short time (< 1 msec) the current will rise to a peak value. To calculate the power supply required, sum the average currents for the installation. Users should ensure that the power supply can handle the peak current for е╬ 1 msec. For an AS-i System with Baumer Electric modules, the average currents are valid.

Suppressing pulses during switching on

Initializing the electronics during power up takes some time and the output state is not defined. This could lead to faulty output states, so a built in suppression circuit blocks all outputs during the first б╜75 milliseconds after power up. After this period, a stable condition of the sensor's output state is reached. The electronics are initialized and the output state reflects the true condition of the sensor.

Suppression of interfering objects

Stationary objects in the measuring area between the sensor and the target can be identified by means of a Teach-in feature and are therefore suppressed.

Suppression of Reciprocal Optical Influences (Crosstalk)

The diffuse sensor, the diffuse sensor with background suppression, and the retro-reflective sensor of the MINOS and 20 all have an algorithm to suppress reciprocal optical influence between three sensors. This allows sensors to be mounted very close to one another without their influencing each other and possibly causing false triggers.

Switching current

The sum of the switching currents for the alarm output and switching output must not exceed the specified maximum switching current of the relevant output.

Switching frequency

Meeting EN 50010 standards, the switching frequency is the highest possible number of switchings per second.

Switching frequency

With the following formula the maximum rpm is calculated as a function of the number of pulses or steps P. The maximum rpm however must be lower than the allowable mechanical value.
Formula: fmax. = rpm x P / 60

Synchronization

The sonic emission of sensors with the synchronization feature is time controlled. The safety distance between the sensors therefore depends only on the detection area. The safety spacing between synchronized sensors must be twice the largest sensing distance. The number of sensors should not exceed 8 in the synchronization mode.
If synchronization is not used, the "control" wire must be connected to +VS.

T

Teach-in

Devices with Teach-in capabilities are electronically set-up via a Teach-in push button. Pots or other mechanical means of adjustment are no longer necessary.

Teach-in-Locking

The Teach-in locking is active 5 minutes* after power-up or after the end of the last Teach-in process, respectively. Teach-in locking is reset by disconnecting the power supply.
* 2 minutes for 14 mm versions

Temperature drift

The speed of sound depends on temperature. Deviation can be up to 0,18%/K. Temperature drift of the ambient air is mostly compensated within the sensor itself. The specification for temperature compensation is valid for stationary conditions.

Temperature range

The normal temperature range is between -25 б╟C and +75 б╟C. Please call should your application require installations in areas where this range may be exceeded.

Temperature range

The temperature range indicated under ambient conditions corresponds to the operating temperature range.

Test input

The function of the sensor can be monitored by an external controller through the use of the test input. The user can switch the emitter off using the test input and monitor the resulting change of output state. The whole system, from a soiled lens to the wiring, can be checked with this method. This is especially important for sensors which seldom change state, such as in a web break detection.
Without this test, the proper functioning of the sensor can not be guaranteed.

Test voltage

This is a value for isolation tests and is the maximum voltage that may be applied between the sensor housing and wiring for guaranteed isolation:

• For all DC-types 1kV
• For AC-types 2,5kV (synthetic and metal housing grounded)
• For AC-types 5kV (metal housing not grounded)

Through beam sensors

Emitter and receiver are in two separate housings facing each other. Through beam sensors offer the largest sensing ranges.

Through-beam light curtain (SpiderScan)

The light curtain are a series of infrared light through beams, mounted in a tower type emitter and receiver housing. It can be used to recognize objects or to make continuous measurements.

Time delay

A time delay is used to delay the output of the sensor. There is a response as well as a release delay. The response time delay changes the time period between closing the light beam and the output switching. The release time delay enlarges the time between interrupting the light beam and the output switching.
The following are examples of using intelligence in the sensor, such as time delays, without the additional cost of setting up and wiring separate external units:A diffuse sensor monitors objects passing by in regular intervals on a conveyor belt. The device must switch as soon as one of the objects is missing.
The release time of the sensor output can be adjusted using the potentiometer provided. Every time an object passes, it resets the timer. If an object is missing on the conveyor, then the timer will not be reset on time. The sensor gives an output. The output changes state as soon as the time elapsed between two successive objects exceeds the set time toff.
On-delay should be chosen if a through beam or retro-reflective sensor is used in the application.
Series 26 is available with relay output and integrated ton/toff timer, replacing external relays and timers.

Torque

Because the encoder should not affect the load of the machine shaft, the torque is small. The torque depends on the size and the type of the bearing, grease, tempeб╛rature, number of revolutions per minute and various other influences. The torque decreases with lower rev/min, smaller shaft diameter and lower protection class.

U

Ultrasonic

Sensing technique using high frequency sound waves as the sensing medium. It can be used in either through beam or proximity configurations.

Ultrasonic sensors

Independent of color and transparency different materials can be detected

Unshielded

Inductive sensor in which the coil is sensitive to surrounding metal. For a given coil size, an unshielded design has a longer sensing distance than a shielded one. Note, when mounting an unshielded sensor in metal, there must be a minimum space of one housing diameter (D) surrounding the sensor head.

V

Voltage drop Vd

This value indicates the maximum voltage drop measured across the conducting output.

Voltage supply range +Vs

Maximum ripple 10 % of Vs. The supply voltage should not be higher or lower than the indicated maximum or minimum values.

W

Weld field immunity

The ability of an inductive proximity sensor to function correctly in a strong electromagnetic field.